![]() At the other end of the polarity scale hydrocarbon solvents provide the ability to dissolve oils in extractions and perform separations, yet at the same time they are highly combustible, and their low water solubility (high logP) is linked to bioaccumulation and aquatic toxicity. ![]() Amide solvents have the high polarity required to dissolve a broad range of substrates and accelerate reactions, but this functionality often implies reproductive toxicity. The volatility of solvents permits recovery and purification of the solvent by distillation, but also creates unwanted air emissions and the risk of worker exposure. However these unfortunate consequences of solvent use are often linked to the beneficial attributes of the solvent needed for the application. Therefore the use of toxic, flammable, or environmentally damaging solvents would seem unnecessary because these characteristics have no impact on the function or progress of the system in which the solvent is applied. Despite this, the solvent is not directly responsible for the composition of a reaction product, nor is it the active component of a formulation. ![]() This can be ascribed to the large volume of solvent typically used in a reaction (especially at the purification stage) or in a formulation. Solvents have received much attention under the remit of green chemistry. ![]()
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